Microsoft-.NET-5 Microsoft-.Net-4.5

Dependency Injection with Example

By Bijal Bhavsar

Jun 12, 2024

What is the Dependency Injection Design Pattern?

Dependency Injection is a design pattern used to execute Inversion of control (IoC). It is a process of injecting the dependency object into a class that depends on it.
Dependency Injection is the often-used design pattern these days to separate the dependencies between the objects that allow us to implement loosely coupled software components.
It allows the making of dependent objects outside of the class and supplies those objects to a class in distinct ways.
Let’s talk about the bit-by-bit process to implement dependency Injection in the ASP.Net Core application.
The ASP.NET Core Framework provides inbuilt support for Dependency Injection design patterns. It injects the dependency objects to a class via a constructor, method, or property using the built-in IoC container.
The inbuilt IoC container is elected by IServiceProvider implementation, which supports default construction injection. The classes managed by built-in IoC Containers are called services.

Types of Services in ASP.NET Core

There are 2 types of services in ASP.NET core.

Framework Services: Services that are a part of the ASP.NET core framework, like IApplicationBuilder, IHostingEnvironment, ILoggerFactory, etc.
Application Services: The services you create as a programmer for your application.

Before registering services, let’s first know the different methods to register a service.

The ASP.NET core gives 3 methods to register a service with a Dependency Injection container. The method that we use to register a service will determine the lifetime of the service.

Singleton:
- A Singleton service is created only once per application lifetime. The same instance is used all over the application.
- Common uses contain configuration services, logging, or other services where a single instance is enough and advisable.
- Since the same instance is used throughout, you need to ensure that Singleton services are thread-safe. Not suitable for saving user-specific data or request-specific data.
- This can be reached by adding the service as a singleton through the AddSingleton method of the IServiceCollection.
Transient:
- A Transient service is created every time it is requested from the service container. This means that a new instance is provided to every class or method that requires it.
- Suitable for lightweight, stateless services. Since a new instance is created every time, you don’t need to worry about thread safety related to the internal state.
- While transient services are simple and provide clean separation, they can be more resource-intensive if they are vast or require significant resources to build.
- This can be got by adding the service through the AddTransient method of the IServiceCollection.
Scoped:
- A scoped service is created once per client request (means per HTTP request).
- Perfect for services that need to maintain state within a single request but should not be shared across different requests.
- This can be achieved by adding the service through the AddScoped method of the IServiceCollection.

How to Register a Service with ASP.NET Core Dependency Injection Container?

We need to register a service to the in-built dependency injection container with the program class. The below code shows how to register a service with different lifetimes.

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// ADD FRAMEWORK MVC SERVICES TO THE CONTAINER
builder.Services.AddMvc();

// ADD APPLICATION SERVICES TO THE CONTAINER
builder.Services.Add(new ServiceDescriptor(typeof(ISubjectTypesDA), new SubjectTypesDA())); // BY DEFAULT SINGLETON
builder.Services.Add(new ServiceDescriptor(typeof(ISubjectTypesDA), new SubjectTypesDA(),ServiceLifetime.Singleton)); // SINGLETON
builder.Services.Add(new ServiceDescriptor(typeof(ISubjectTypesDA), new SubjectTypesDA(),ServiceLifetime.Transient)); // TRANSIENT
builder.Services.Add(new ServiceDescriptor(typeof(ISubjectTypesDA), new SubjectTypesDA(),ServiceLifetime.Scoped)); // SCOPED

What is the ServiceDescriptor class in .NET Core?

This class speaks for a descriptor of a service in the DI Container. It essentially describes how to service should be instantiated and managed by the container. So, it describes a service, including its lifetime, the service type, and the implementation type.

Extension methods for Registration

ASP.NET Core framework contains extension methods for each type of lifetime: AddSingleton, AddTransient, and AddScoped methods. The below example shows how to register types of lifetimes using extension methods.

// ADD APPLICATION SERVICE TO THE CONTAINER.
  services.AddTransient<IEmailSenderBL, EmailSenderBL>(); // TRANSIENT
  services.AddScoped<ISubjectTypesBL, SubjectTypesBL>(); // SCOPED
  services.AddSingleton<ICPCalculationBL, CPCalculationBL>(); // SINGLETON

The dependent class is a class which depends on the dependency class.
The dependency class is a class that provides service to the dependent class.
The interface injects the dependency class object into the dependent class.

There are 3 types of Dependency Injection.

Constructor Injection
Property Injection
Method Injection

Constructor Injection:

we register the service, the IoC automatically executes constructor injection if a service type is included as a parameter in a constructor.
Example:

public class CenterController : BaseController
{
    private ICenterBL _centerBL;
    
    public CenterController(ICenterBL centerBL) : base(myLoginUser)
    {
        _centerBL = centerBL;
    }
    [Authorize]
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        try
        {
            var data = _centerBL.GetCenterpageList();
            return View(data);
        }
        catch (Exception EX)
        {
            throw EX;
        }
    }
}

Property Injection:

Not required to add dependency services in the constructor. We can manually access the services configured with built-in IoC containers using the RequestServices property of HttpContext.

public class AddressController : Controller
{
    [Authorize]
    public IActionResult Index()
    {   
        var services = this.HttpContext.RequestServices;
        IAddressBL _address = (IAddressBL)services.GetService(typeof(IAddressBL));
        var data = _address.GetAddressList();
        return View(data);
    }
}

Method Injection:

Occasionally, we may only need a dependency object in a single action method. In that case, we need to use the [FromServices] attribute with the service type parameter in the action method. In the below example, you can see we are using the [FromServices] attribute within the Index action method. So, at runtime, the IoC Container will inject the dependency object to the IAddressBL repository reference variable. As we inject the dependency object through a method, it is called method dependency injection.

public class CommonController: Controller
{
    public IActionResult Index([FromServices] IAddressBL _addressBL)
    {
        var list = _addressBL.GetAddressList();
        return View(list);
    }
}

Advantages of Dependency Injection

Loose Coupling: we can separate our classes from their dependencies. This results in code that is simpler to maintain and test.
Testability: we can increase the testability of our code since we can easily replace dependencies with mock objects during unit testing.
Extensibility: enhance the extensibility of our code by offering the flexibility to switch out dependencies conveniently.
Reusability: makes our code more reusable since we can conveniently share dependencies among various classes.

TAGS .Net-Core-3.1 .NET-Framework

Web-Design

CSS vs SCSS: Key Differences & Examples

Bijal Bhavsar

Feb 01, 2024

What is CSS? CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet. We can use it as a scripting language for developing and creating different web pages.It is well like web technology mostly used with HTML and JavaScript. CSS styles are saved in separate files with the .css extension. It is designed to separate content and presentation, like Layout, fonts, and colors. By separating the content (HTML) from its presentation(CSS), web developers can create consistent and visually appealing designs across multiple pages and ensure a better experience. What is SCSS? SCSS stands for sassy Cascading Style Sheets. It is a more advanced and evolved variant of the CSS language.It adds additional functionality to CSS and gives web developers more flexibility and power when creating web designs.SCSS contains file extension as .scss. SCSS is a part of the larger Sass (syntactically Awesome Stylesheets) language, which was created to explore the capabilities of traditional CSS. We can add some extra features to CSS using SCSS, like Variables, Nesting, and many more. using these features, we can write the SCSS in a much simpler and quicker way than writing the standard CSS. Differences between CSS and SCSS: 1. Syntax: Plain text is used for CSS whereas more structured syntax with additional features is used for SCSS. 2. Variables: SCSS allows you to define variables to store commonly used values like font sizes, color, and spacing, whereas CSS does not. CSS example: body{ color: #ffffff; font: $section-font: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: xx-large; padding: 2rem; } SCSS example: $white: #ffffff; $section-font: $section-font: 'Arial', sans-serif; body { color: $white; font: $section-font; font-size: xx-large; padding: 2rem; } 3. Nesting: SCSS language promotes rules that are properly nested whereas regular CSS language does not assign various nested rules. SCSS example: .parent-selector { .child-selector { // Styles for child selector } } .container { width: 100%; h1 { color: blue; font-size: 24px; } } Benefits of Using Nesting in SCSS: 1. Improved Readability: Nesting allows for more organized code structure, making it easier to read and understand the styles. 2. Reduced Repetition: The user can avoid repetitive code by addressing parent elements directly, saving time and effort. 4. Mixins: Mixins are like functions in programming languages, SCSS allows to creation and reuse of code snippets using mixins. CSS example: nav ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } nav ul li { display: inline-block; margin-left: -2px; margin-right: 2em; } SCSS example: @mixin reset-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } @mixin vertical-list { @include reset-list; li { display: inline-block; margin: { left: -2px; right: 2em; } } } nav ul { @include vertical-list; } Arguments: Mixins can also take arguments, which allows their behavior to be customized every time they are called. The arguments are specified in the @mixin rule after the mixin's name, as a list of variable names surrounded by parentheses. CSS example: .sidebar { float: left; } [dir=rtl] .sidebar { float: right; } SCSS example: @mixin rtl($property, $ltr-value, $rtl-value) { #{$property}: $ltr-value; [dir=rtl] & { #{$property}: $rtl-value; } } .sidebar { @include rtl(float, left, right); } 5. File Extension: CSS files use the .css file extension, whereas SCSS files use the .scss file extension. 6. Compilation: CSS files are interpreted by web browsers directly, whereas SCSS files must be preprocessed into standard CSS files using a preprocessor such as Sass. 7. Language Used: SCSS is mostly used in the Ruby language while CSS is mostly used in the HTML and JavaScript languages.

Apple

Fix Apple ID Not Used in iTunes Store Error

Bijal Bhavsar

Oct 14, 2022

After creating a new Apple ID account, You might find that you can't use it with some Applications, iTunes, or the App Store. Not to worry, this is not a permanent issue; we can resolve it in just a few steps. Usually, when you go to the App Store and enter your Apple ID and Passcode to download any Application, you will get one alert in the PopUp like 'This Apple ID Has Not Yet Been Used in The iTunes Store. Basically, this alert stops you from using the iTunes store or the App Store, and gives you messages like: 1. This Apple ID has not yet been used with the App Store. Please review Your Apple Account Information. 2. This Apple Id has not yet been used with the iTunes Store. Tap Review to Sign in, then review your account information. Most people will follow the above instruction and tap on Review and agree to the Term and Conditions or add the Extra information to their Apple Id Account. But, sometimes it's not worth it. To Resolve this issue Just follow the below Steps: 1. Go to the Setting 2. Open the Profile section 3. Click on Media & Purchase 4. You will show one popup, Just click on the continue 5. Just review your Account Details Conclusion: Here conclusion is that you just need to enable Media & Purchase on your device.

Microsoft-.NET-5

Explore the Exciting Features of .NET 5

Bijal Bhavsar

Jul 06, 2020

Microsoft Announces .NET 5 Microsoft announces that the next release after .Net core 3.0 will be .NET 5. .NET 5 will be the big release in the .NET family. You will able to use it to target Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS, WebAssembly, and more. Microsoft will introduce new .NET APIs, language features, and runtime capabilities as a part of .NET 5. Microsoft intends to release .NET 5 in November 2020, with the first preview available in the first half of 2020. It will be supported with future updates to Visual Studio 2019, Visual Studio for Mac, and Visual Studio Code. .Net 5 Moves Ahead with .NET Core .NET Core Functionalities: Cross-platform implementation in any device Support all key platform features for .net core, .Net Framework, xamarin Open-source and community-Oriented Support with future updates to Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio 2019, Command Line Interface, and Visual Studio for Mac. Fast, Scalable and High Performance Side-by-side installation Support for platform-specific features like Windows Forms, & WPF on Windows Smarter Deployment & packages Small projects Files Three New major supports for developers Java Interoperability will be available on all Swift and Objective-C Interoperability will be supported on all multiple operating systems CoreFX will be extended to support static compilation of .Net, smaller footprints, and support for more operating systems. The Other Highlights Features Desktop Development with .NET 5 .NET 5 will come up with all key desktop development functionalities and libraries. WPF, Windows Forms, UWP, and xamarin are the four key desktop platforms. Mobile Development with .NET .Net 5 will continue to build cross-platform mobile apps for Android, iOS, tvOS, macOS, and watchOS platforms using Xamarin. Runtime and Language with .Net 5 Mono is the original cross-platform implementation of .NET. It started out as an open-source alternative to .NET Framework and transitioned to targeting mobile devices like Android and iOS devices popular. CoreCLR is runtime used as part of .NET Core. It has been primarily targeted at supporting cloud applications, including the largest services at Microsoft and now is also being used for windows desktop, IOT, and machine learning applications. Cloud Development with .NET 5 The major functionality of .Net 5 is Azure app Development. With the release of the latest version of .Net, developers will continue to develop software with Azure. Game Development with .Net 5 Visual studio 2019 and .Net 5 will support utility, a vital part of .Net gaming to develop games for mobile and other gaming platforms.

About the Author

Bijal Bhavsar

I am currently working as a Senior Software Developer at MagnusMinds IT Solution. Having more than 4 years of professional experience. I have knowledge of MVC, .Net, .Net Core, API, C#, jQuery, JavaScript, and Ionic.